Honda Civic first generation (1972–1979)
The space-efficient original Civic that combined front-wheel drive with economical four-cylinder engines.
Overview
Honda launched the Civic in Japan in July 1972 as a compact two-door car, followed by a three-door hatchback. It was larger and more conventional than Honda’s tiny N-series cars but retained the company’s emphasis on light construction, efficient engines and space-conscious engineering.
The transversely mounted engine drove the front wheels, removing the need for a propeller shaft through the passenger compartment. A relatively long wheelbase and a wheel-at-each-corner stance helped provide useful cabin space within the short body. Independent strut suspension was used at both ends.
Engines and CVCC
Early cars used a water-cooled 1.2-litre inline-four. Honda broadened the engine range during the generation and offered the more sporting RS in Japan with twin carburettors and a five-speed gearbox.
The most important development was the Compound Vortex Controlled Combustion engine. CVCC used a small auxiliary combustion chamber to ignite a leaner main mixture, enabling the Civic to satisfy stricter American emissions standards without a catalytic converter. The technology strengthened the model’s appeal during a period of rising fuel prices and increasing emissions regulation.
Body styles and development
The original two-door body had a separate boot, while the three-door version added a top-hinged rear hatch and folding rear seat. Honda later expanded the family with a roomier four-door car and a five-door van or estate derivative. Market specifications differed in lighting, bumpers, engines and equipment.
Continuous detail changes carried the first Civic through the decade. By the time the second generation arrived in 1979, the model had established Honda as a serious passenger-car producer in Japan, North America and other export markets.
Key milestones
- 1972: Two-door Civic launches in July; the three-door hatchback follows.
- 1973: Honda adds the low-emissions CVCC engine to the Civic range.
- 1974: The sporting Civic RS is introduced in Japan.
- 1975: CVCC-equipped Civics enter the American market for the 1975 model year.
- 1979: The second-generation Civic replaces the original model.